Biped.News intelligence
Dexterous Hand Component Taxonomy
Market map for humanoid robot hand components: tendon systems, motors, sensors, tactile arrays, teleoperation gloves, and manipulation data pipelines.
Crawler-readable evidence snapshot
Dexterous Hand Technology Taxonomy
The dexterous-hand taxonomy organizes hand technology by actuation, sensing, tactility, teleoperation and data-pipeline layers. A larger degree-of-freedom number is one design signal, not a standalone dexterity score.
16
Manipulation systems
16
Makers
9
Tactile yes
10
DOF disclosed
Manipulation records by evidence stage
- pilot7
- demo4
- commercial3
- deployed1
- research1
Public tactile-sensing disclosure
- yes9
- no-public-disclosure3
- unknown2
- limited1
- optional1
Representative hand and manipulation systems
| System | Maker | DOF/hand | Tactile sensing | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimus next-generation hand | Tesla | 22 | yes | demo |
| Figure 03 / Figure 02 hands | Figure AI | 16 | yes | pilot |
| Phoenix hand | Sanctuary AI | 21 | yes | pilot |
| Shadow Dexterous Hand | Shadow Robot | 24 | yes | commercial |
| DLR/HIT Hand II | DLR + Harbin Institute of Technology | 15 | limited | research |
| G1 with Dex3-1 hand | Unitree | 7 | optional | commercial |
| Walker S hand | UBTECH | Undisclosed | unknown | pilot |
| GR-1 hand | Fourier Intelligence | 6 | unknown | pilot |
| Apollo modular end effectors | Apptronik | Undisclosed | no-public-disclosure | pilot |
| NEO hand | 1X Technologies | 25 | yes | pilot |
| Electric Atlas gripper | Boston Dynamics | 7 | yes | demo |
| Digit gripper | Agility Robotics | Undisclosed | no-public-disclosure | deployed |
| Booster T2 optional dexterous hand | Booster Robotics | 6 | no-public-disclosure | commercial |
| FRIDAY dexterous hand | Holiday Robotics | Undisclosed | yes | demo |
Questions this tracker answers
Does more hand DOF automatically mean better manipulation?
No. Control quality, force, tactile sensing, compliance, durability, task data and software can matter as much as nominal degrees of freedom.
Are all hand specifications directly comparable?
No. Vendors count joints, actuators and under-actuated motion differently, so Biped preserves source wording and undisclosed fields.
Methodology and limitations
- • The snapshot is derived from the shared manipulation database used by both hand-focused research pages.
- • Unknown or no-public-disclosure values remain explicit rather than being inferred from demos.
- • Research platforms, commercial hands, pilots and deployed systems are labeled separately.